| 205 -224 |
Pabag and sons Shapur and Ardashir conquer Persis and Elymais |
| 224-241 |
Ardashir I - Sasanians occupy all Parthian teritory exxcept Armenia. First challenges to Roman rule in Mesopotamia west of Euphrates. |
| 241-272 |
Shapur I - Defeat of 3 Roman emperors: Gordian III killed, Philip the Arab surrenders, Valerian is captured. Conquest of Armenia, and expansion into Syria. Defeat of Odaenathus of Palmyra. |
| 272-273 |
Hurmazd I |
| 273-276 |
Bahram I |
| 276-293 |
Bahram II Rise of mowbed Kerdir; death of Mani |
| 293 |
Bahram III |
| 293-302 |
Narseh - Treaty of Nisibis. Sasanians give up teritory west of Tigris to Romans |
| 302-309 |
Hurmazd II |
| 309-379 |
Shapur II - Territory lost to Romans regained. Failure of Julian's invasion, and peace with Jovian. Persecution of Christians following conversion of emperor Constantine. |
| 379-383 |
Ardashir II |
| 383-388 |
Shapur III Sasanians regain eastern Armenia. |
| 388-399 |
Bahram IV |
| 399-420 |
Yazdegird I - beginning of Hephthalite invasions |
| 420-438 |
Bahram V |
| 438-457 |
Yazdegird II |
| 457-459 |
Hurmazd III |
| 457-484 |
Peroz I - crushing defeats by Hephthalites. Church of the East becomes independent. |
| 484-488 |
Balash |
| 488-496 |
Kavad I - Failure of social reforms leads to Kavad's imprisonment. |
| 496-498 |
Jamasp |
| 498-531 |
Kavad I - cadastral survey of land and reform of taxation leads to popular discontent encouraged by communist Mazdak. |
| 531-579 |
Khusrau I - crushing of Mazdak and his followers. Renewed attack on Roman Syria. Destruction of Hephthalites with Turkish help. Peace with Byzantium - who agreesto pay tribute to Khusrau. Conquest of Yemen and defeat of Ethiopians. |
| 579-590 |
Hurmazd IV - social unrest. Invasion by Turks. |
| 590-591 |
Bahram VI Chobin - non-Sasanian pretender defeated with Roman help |
| 591-628 |
Khusrau II [Bistam 591-595; Hurmazd V 593] - recovery of Egypt and Anatolia, which are subsequently lost again in counter-attack by emperor Heraclius. Sack of Jerusalem (614) |
| 628 |
Kavad II |
| 628-630 |
Ardashir III [Shahrbaraz 630; Khusrau III 630] |
| 630-631 |
Borandukht |
| 631 |
Azarmidokht |
| 631-632 |
Hurmazd VI |
| 631-633 |
Khusrau IV |
| 632-651 |
Yazdegird III - Defeats by Muslim armies at Qadisiyya and Nihavand. The Sasanian empire falls to the Arabs. |
